Following Orion separation, the ICPS Stage Adapter deployed ten CubeSats for conducting scientific research and performing technology demonstrations. Orion then separated from the ICPS and continued its coast into lunar space. Once in orbit, the ICPS fired its engine to perform a trans-lunar injection (TLI) burn, which placed the Orion spacecraft and 10 CubeSats on a trajectory to the Moon. The upper stage, known as the Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage (ICPS), is based on the Delta Cryogenic Second Stage and is powered by a single RL10B-2 engine on the Artemis 1 mission. The core and boosters together produce 39,000 kN (8,800,000 lb f), or about 4,000 metric tons of thrust at liftoff. The core stage uses four RS-25D engines, all of which have previously flown on Space Shuttle missions. The Block 1 vehicle consists of a core stage, two five-segment solid rocket boosters (SRBs) and an upper stage. See also: Orion (spacecraft) and Space Launch SystemĪrtemis 1 was launched on the Block 1 variant of the Space Launch System. After Artemis 2, Artemis 3 will involve a crewed lunar landing, the first in five decades since Apollo 17. The mission aims to certify Orion and the Space Launch System for crewed flights beginning with Artemis 2, which is scheduled to perform a crewed lunar flyby in 2024. The Orion spacecraft then returned and reentered the Earth's atmosphere with the protection of its heat shield, splashing down in the Pacific Ocean on December 11. Orion completed one flyby of the Moon on November 21, entered a distant retrograde orbit for six days, and completed a second flyby of the Moon on December 5. After reaching Earth orbit, the upper stage carrying the Orion spacecraft separated and performed a trans-lunar injection before releasing Orion and deploying ten CubeSat satellites. Īrtemis 1 launched from Launch Complex 39B at the Kennedy Space Center. The first two launch attempts were canceled due to a faulty engine temperature reading on August 29, 2022, and a hydrogen leak during fueling on September 3, 2022. The Orion spacecraft for Artemis 1 was stacked on October 20, 2021, and on August 17, 2022, the fully stacked vehicle was rolled out for launch after a series of delays caused by difficulties in pre-flight testing. These missions seek to reestablish a human presence on the Moon and demonstrate technologies and business approaches needed for future scientific studies, including exploration of Mars. It was the first integrated flight test of the Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, and its main objective was to test the Orion spacecraft, especially its heat shield, in preparation for subsequent Artemis missions. As the first major spaceflight of NASA's Artemis program, Artemis 1 marked the agency's return to lunar exploration after the conclusion of the Apollo program five decades earlier. Artemis 1, officially Artemis I and formerly Exploration Mission-1 ( EM-1), was an uncrewed Moon-orbiting mission.
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